Discuss the ways in which Steinbeck explores the concept of the ‘American Dream’ is central to the novel Essay

The American Dream was a dream that nearly everyone had throughout the twentieth century. It was hope for a better life and people believed strongly that it would come true. The main characters in ‘Of Mice & Men’ have a dream which was to get a plot of land and live on it and become self-sufficient. The American Dream was not an achievable goal for many people. Steinbeck shows this failure through the characters of Lennie & George. The American dream was a great thing. We first heard about it when Lennie and George were sitting by the river at the beginning of the book. The dream was a hope that every rancher had an opportunity for a better life. Lennie and George, the two main characters, had such a dream, â€Å"Some day were gonna get a little place and a couple of acres†. The idea was to get a piece of land, grow crops and have an improved life there. They also new exactly what they were aiming for and what they wanted. They realised that their imagination should not be set too high for fear of disappointment. The two men also knew that they should not tell other people about the plot of land in case it was snatched from under their noses. This frequently happened then, as so many people were seeking the same desire., â€Å"Well it’s ten acres said George. Got a little win mill. Got a little shack on it and a chicken run. Got a kitchen, orchard, cherries, peaches, cots, nuts, got a few berries.† This shows that Lennie and George had ambition and again, knew what they wanted. It also shows that there were places where the dream had a chance of coming true, and that affordable land was for sale. Lennie and George intended to get the land by working extremely hard for a couple of months. They would earn standard migrant labour workers wages which was of course not very much, as the great depression was around at the time the book was set. The men hoped to save money and put it towards the plot of land, â€Å"Look, if me an Lennie work a month an’ don’t spen’ nothing we’ll have a hundred bucks†. Sooner or later people started to realise that the American Dream was turning into a nightmare. This is shown in the book by all the travelling and unemployment. Steinbeck shows that people were determined to get a job and willing to travel around to find one, he reinforces this through Lennie and George. At the start of the novel Steinbeck told us that they were walking, so we obviously know that they have had a nomadic life. During their rest they have a conversation about their travels â€Å"The first thing you know is that they are pounding away at some other ranch†. This backs up the fact that people travel around for jobs. We know how Lennie and George frequently lose their jobs, this is due to Lennie constantly getting the pair of them into trouble which jeopardises their current job. Because of this they have to travel from one ranch to another in search of another job. Also you can corroborate the fact that people travelled by George quoting, â€Å"The hell with what I says. You remember about us going into Murray and Ready’s and they give us work cards and bus tickets†. Murray and Ready are a typical work agency that sprung up in America during the Great Depression. In the 1930s the Great Depression spoilt the American Dream, it damaged everything that had a promising future, from buying food to making investments in the stock market. Through out the novel we do not see this very much. It is shown only as a high unemployment rate. George is very passionate about work as he wants to achieve his dream. As you read on through the book George comments on other people in his situation, â€Å"They aint got nothing to look ahead to†. Implying that George is fed up of losing his job to other people. He now knows you should not think about looking ahead to long term ambitions as anything can happen. The rate of unemployment was a serious issue at the time of the book, as the economy was decreasing rapidly. It is shown through various characters such as Carlson, Slim, Lennie, George and many more. We know that they all have been travelling from ranch to ranch in search of jobs during this time, they have started to feel like they do not have a home and don’t belong anywhere. â€Å"Guys like us, they got no family and don’t belong no place. They come to a ranch an work up a stake then they go into town and blow their stake†. This was quite normal for young and old men in their quest, not just for the dream, but for survival. Because of that, it made it hard for people to keep a job as other people who were as desperate, came along and accepted less pay to work at the same job, just so they could get some money. The idea of the American Dream was to be happy but just as well as the Great depression, racism also crippled the illusion. The dream was merely for the whites, as many of the blacks were unlawfully discarded from the opportunity or status to achieve it. Steinbeck shows this in the book through a character called Crooks, who was a crippled Negro stable buck and had suffered years of abuse in his life. Although Crooks could read and write, he was very lonely and because he was black, he could not join in with the usual endeavours of other men on the ranch. â€Å"Suppose you had to sit out here and read books. Sure you could play horseshoes till it gets dark, but then you got to read books†. This shows he only had books for company. It was still very racist in the 1930’s so there was not much chance of Crooks achieving the dream by himself and certainly no one at that time would try to help. In the course of the book Crooks also tells us about his life in the past, how his father did actually achieve the dream, and how his family was the only coloured family in Soledad, which is where the book was set. â€Å"There wasn’t another coloured family for miles around. And now there aint no coloured man on this ranch†. Crooks felt strongly about this, he was neglected by everyone and still felt as if he was being treated as an unequal by every other man. He wanted so much to be included in the games that everyone participated in. â€Å"Suppose you couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy cause you was black†. Because Crooks was being denied these privileges he turned into a bitter man who was equally as malicious as the offenders. This portrays the dream in a bad way, which is unusual as the dream is usually portrayed as being happy and being the provider when it actually created tensions between different races and cultures and caused many tribulations between people. Although Crooks is abused by many people on the ranch there is one person in the book who does not discriminate him because he is black, that person is Lennie. Lennie does not understand or see the racism in the world and he sees everyone as being the same. Crooks feels he can talk to Lennie about many things, â€Å"A guy can talk to you an’ be sure you won’t go blabbin†. Because of this it reassures Crooks and makes him feel better as he knows he can talk to some one instead of read books At first there was a chance of the dream coming true. One reason was because of Candy, willing to give his life savings so he would know that he had somewhere to go after he was incapable of working on the ranch, † Tell you what suppose I went in with you guys thas three hundred and fifty bucks I’d put in†. This endorses the fact that he was willing to put every last coinage that he had, to assist him to have a happy finale to his life. Also Crooks, the negro stable buck, offers to help, â€Å"If you guys would want a hand in work for nothing just his keep†. He did this just so he could have a friendship with someone and feel liked. In addition no one else knew about this certain plot of land, which made it a secret of the group and easy to obtain. We know that the owners needed to get the money fast, â€Å"The ol’ people that owns it is flat bust an’ the ol’ lady needs an operation†. Because of all this Lennie, George and Candy s tood a very good chance of achieving this reverie. The American dream ended due to a series of unfortunate events. Steinbeck shows this through Lennie and George not getting the land. They did not get it because of many things. The main reason for them failing was Lennie. He spoilt the dream for George, as he was constantly getting into trouble and destroying any chance that he had to achieve the dream. After a while other men on the ranch begin to question their past, for example, Slim, â€Å"What happened in Weed†. We know that they have been travelling around and losing jobs, but it was not just because of other men stealing their jobs only to get paid less, it was also Lennie destructively destroying their chances, because of this they, had to move on to another ranch. In the end they had no hope what so ever, of the dream coming true because of Lennie, once again, getting George into trouble, as he was responsible for Lennie, when he unintentionally killed Curly’s wife. If given the chance most men on the farm would attempt the dream even if they thought it was impossible. A good example is Crooks, at one point in the story, he was putting down the fact of any one achieving their goal, â€Å"Jesus I seen it too many time. Too many guys with land in their head. They never get none under their hand†. When Crooks found out that there was a chance of it happening, he decided on trying to get in on it, â€Å"If you guys would want a hand to work for nothing, just his keep, why I’d come an lend a hand†. You can see also that people always put down the achievement of the dream, but they all had a secret burning ambition to get it if the chance came around. Through out the book Steinbeck managed to portray the conditions of the Great Depression in the 1930’s. He also gave us a glimpse of The American Dream that every one pursued and showed us that it was not an easy achievement. Steinbeck has managed to show the different levels of hardship and suffering that people faced during that period of time and also managed to show more hopeless situations of people from a minority. The concept of the American Dream is at the heart of the novel ‘Of Mice & Men’ and therefore allows Steinbeck to make comments on American Society and the time of the Great Depression.

Income and Disposable Income Essay

Income will mean cash income before taxes, and will include government transfer payments such as unemployment insurance benefits, family allowance payments, pensions, welfare assistance, etc. Disposable income specifically focuses on the amount of income available for private consumption and spending. Disposable income takes into consideration the reality that â€Å"take-home pay† is heavily influenced by not only gross income, but also by factors such as government transfer levels, taxation levels, and inflation. Disposable Income is defined in two ways: * Income after federal and provincial income taxes * Income after taxes, employment insurance and Canada Pension Plan Discretionary Income is Disposable Income after deductions for basic necessities such as food, clothing, shelter, transportation, healthcare, personal care, etc. Life-Cycle State – people change the goods and services they buy over their lifetimes. Buying is also shaped by the stage of the family life cycle-the stages through which families might pass as they mature over time. Marketers often define their target markets in terms of life-cycle stage and develop appropriate products and marketing plans. Described in the following graph, on average, real disposable income has grown at a very slow rate of 0.05% from 1980 to 1998. This varies from 0.32% for a family of 2 parents with children, 0.14% for economic families of 2 persons or more, 0.09% for elderly families to 0.31% for lone parent families. These figures have improved over the last 3 years. In 2000, real disposable income per capita grew 2.7%, its strongest growth rate in over a decade. The above chart shows the percentage change in inflation-adjusted incomes of families with children for the lowest 5th of families to those in the top 5th of family incomes from the late 1970s to 1997. It can be seen that for the lowest 5th of families real incomes fell 21% during past 2 decades, while incomes for the highest 5th increased 30%. That’s quite a swing. Further, the chart shows for the middle 5th of family incomes their current inflation-adjusted income is about 3% less than 2 decades ago. That’s pure and simple. No wonder family saving fell while household debt ratios soared. Look again at this chart. The top family earners increased income 30% above inflation in those 2 decades. But, if recognize that 30% real income growth over 2 decades is but 1.16% average per year compounded above inflation, its not that great, especially compared to all average family incomes increasing at an annual rate of 3-4% above inflation prior to 1970, most with one wage-earner per family. In other words, this chart suggested that the top family earners since the 1970s made out worse than did all average family incomes prior to 1970. Of course the poorest 5th saw their real family income drop 21% past 21 years or about 1.12% per year below inflation rates. This shows how dramatic long-term implications can be, just 2% per year separating top and lower earners – and how much poorer is total family income performance now compared to before. The marketers can use these statistics to estimate the future trend of people buying behavior. In order to develop new technologies or sell strategies, these statistics would help marketer to decide what they have to change to gain more profits.

Gender Symbolism In The Fences - 1815 Words

Fences Essay In the Fences, by August Wilson shows that life of African Americans in the U.S. in the 1950s with the story of Troy and his family. Wilson uses the symbol of the fence to show the desires of each character like Rose’s desire is to keep her family together, Troy’s desire is to keep death out and to be not bound forever, and Bono’s desire is to follow Troy, his best friend, as an example of the right way to live and to be with Rose and Troy who are basically his family. Rose and the other seen characters represent people and show gender roles of the time, like Rose is a housewife, Troy is the provider. Also Cory is the new generation of emotion over responsibility, Gabriel represents the war heros that were permanently†¦show more content†¦Bono: Some people build fences to keep people out†¦ and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you.† (12.i.) Here August Wilson in the first part shows a little of the gender roles of the 1950s where men are the boss of the house and women are subservient to them. It also shows that Rose did not go in as told but remained there with them and Troy accepted that he could not tell her what to do. The image or action of Rose not leaving shows the changing of the times in other words the 1950s on the fence to between the old ways and the new ones. In the first part of what Bono says describes Troy with death and the other part describes Rose with her love for her family and desire to keep everyone close and happy. The character Gabriel (Uncle Gabe) is a mix of many different things and people that of the time and believes he signals the opening of heaven’s gate as his interpretation of the fence. Gabriel is Troy’s half brother who went and fought in the war. He was medically discharged after receiving a head injury that permanently reduced his mental functions. Troy helped Gabriel get a settlement and helps spend/manage the money. Troy used the money to buy himself a house that Gabriel originally lived in as well until Gabriel moved out at his own wish. Wilson wrote: â€Å" Gabriel: ‘Oh, yeah†¦ I know it. The devil’s strong. The devil ain’t no pushover. Hellhounds snipping at everybody’sShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Fences By August Wilson1460 Words   |  6 PagesKeep Love in or Lock it Out?: An Analysis of Symbolism in Fences Symbolism is defined as an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. In Fences by August Wilson, symbolism is used heavily throughout the play in order to represent deeper meanings and add to the emotion of the storyline. In order for the play to have so much depth and emotion, symbolism is crucial to the work itself and the heavy topicsRead MoreAlice Munros Boys and Girls and John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are obviously physical differences; the problem is how the genders are treated. It is stereotypically thought that the men do the labor work and make all the money, while the women stay in the house, cooking, cleaning and taking care of the children. While this stereotype does not exist as much in the 21st century, it was very prevalent in the 1900s. By using many different literary tools such as character development, symbolism, and setting, Ali ce Munro’s Boys and Girls and John Steinbeck’sRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums And The Ones Who Walked Away From Omelas1207 Words   |  5 Pages Symbolism is a prominent part of many short stories. Within the stories â€Å"The Smile†, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, and â€Å"The Ones Who Walked Away From Omelas†, symbolism is heavily relied on to fully understand and comprehend each story. Although there are many literary devices used within the short stories, symbolism is predominantly used to develop and bring forth the message of each story. Beginning with â€Å"The Smile†, message is conveyed through it’s symbolism. Their society was upset by the damage doneRead MoreWhen Rain Clouds Gather1194 Words   |  5 PagesHow does Bessie Head use symbolism in her novel When rain clouds gather and what effect does it have on the way we read and respond to the story? In the novel When rain clouds gather, Bessie Head uses symbolism to express the transition from the harsh life of tribalism, to the development of modern day co-operatives and the effect it has on the community. One of the main symbolic images in the text is the recurring theme of When rain clouds gather. This incomplete and open statement refersRead MoreEssay On Social Inequality925 Words   |  4 PagesImagine an utopia in which there is no social injustice. No discrimination on gender. Status. Mental health. When I was little, I read a book about an African American girl named Clover, who lived in a town that was interestingly divided by a fence. Dark skinned people separated from light skinned. Eventually little Clover would find a playmate from the other side of the fence and be shunned by her dark skinned friends. My naive five year old brain didn’t think much of it. At the time, itRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums Symbolism Analysis1040 Words   |  5 PagesDominance Revealed Through Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums In Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemum† a story is told of a woman who loves to garden and tend to her beautiful chrysanthemums, a husband who tends to the matters of business on the ranch, and the strange encounter with a tinkerer. Each of these aspects create the story, but there is more depth than what meets the eye. Through Steinbeck’s short story one can recognize many symbols that represent the different gender roles of men and women andRead MoreGender Roles of Boys and Girls Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesassume traditional female gender roles and is very resistant about becoming a woman. The story â€Å"Boys and Girls† by Alice Munro explores issues of feminism, and gender roles through key elements such as characterization, symbolism, and theme. The author presents her characters through direct description and also shows them in action. In â€Å"Boys and Girls† the central character is a young girl who narrates the story about her life on a farm and about her search for gender identity. Through variousRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck982 Words   |  4 Pagesfeels about it. She puts on a dress and makeup and Henry compliments her. Then, while driving into town, she notices the shoots she gave the man lying on the side of the road, and turns her coat collar up to hide her tears. This story is full of symbolism, themes, and imagery. Imagery is an extremely important part of this story, as described by John Timmerman, it becomes â€Å"a part of the very story being told rather than an artistic ornament.† The first piece of imagery describes Salinas Valley asRead MoreThe Boy in Striped Pyjamas1080 Words   |  5 Pagesof power in terms of race, age, gender and social class. One such novel is The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne. An Irish novelist, Boyne is acutely aware of the issues of power and dominance as he grew up during the time of The Troubles between the Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. Boyne uses the narrative conventions of style and characterisation in his poignant and moving novel to explore and expose the power relationships of race, gender, age, social status and politicsRead MoreGirls And Girls By Alice Munro959 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses the journey of a girl who transcends the concept of gender roles in her youth by believing herself to be characterized by not her gender, but instead her interests, capabilities, and responsibilities in regard to her support in running her father’s fox farming business at home. Throughout the story, the nameless narrator supplies the reader with a multitude of details that explain and explore the social constraints of gender for young girls; instead of abiding by them, the narrator opposes

The Career Of A Nurse - 1962 Words

According to World Book Encyclopedia, the career of nursing has advanced throughout history. It has developed from the nurse been a housekeeper to a trained professional that could help the sick recover. Nurses in the past never went to a school, they were nuns or other women who provide care for the disadvantaged who had no family support. These women only had knowledge of nursing from what they learned from family and friends. Nurses were not respected in the early days because been a nurse was not consider a reputable career. A nurse’s job was to make patients comfortable in their final days. My research shows that Nursing before the 20th century was the darkest for a nurse; and her patient. During this, time people did not know the†¦show more content†¦A nurse could know aid the doctor, performing many procedures and life- saving measures that were only done by doctors. Nursing means to care for the sick and injured it has change over (World Book the years but its primary role is to care for those who cannot care for themselves Encyclopedia pg. 463-464). My research shows that there are three key figures in the advancement of nursing as we know it today. These pioneers blazed a trail for the women and men of today. They were Florence Nightingale considered the leading founder of nursing, and she was the first to realize the importance of good cleanliness and proper nutrition. Margaret Sanger was the first to fight for a woman’s right to choose birth control she also started the movement to inform women about sex. Clara Barton, one of the founders of the American Red Cross prompted the idea of service in time of war, and natural disasters, the protocols she implemented are still used by the agency today. This paper will also look at the main fields of nursing. Registered Nurse one of the highest position in nursing, RN’s work side by side with the doctor to care for patients. LPN, a Licensed Practical Nurse, performs a wide variety of task with the supervision of the RN. CNA, a Certified Nurse Assistant, are to provide p ersonal care mainly to patients and works with both the RN and the LPN (www.Nursing Schools path.com/ the

The Nature of Child Development Essay - 1172 Words

Human development has been a subject of interest since ancient Greece and Rome. Different approaches derive from two basic directions: the nativists` and empiricists` ones. The latter method is to regard human development as a gradual change which has been influenced by the individual`s experience .On the other hand, the former approach has found its roots in the biological structure of the human organism which considers our development as a series of stages. However, referring to human development only as continuous or gradual would produce inconsistent and insufficient understanding of the developmental process .As a result, combining ideas of both viewpoints(continuity and phases) will provide a more explicit of understanding of the†¦show more content†¦He distinguishes eight psychological crises(stages) which directly relates to the social requirements and emotional bonds. Human psychosocial development is seen as unique which offers a great range of diversity. Consequ ently, this variety provides an opportunity of establishing universally necessary and sufficient phases of development. The eight stages form a circle which demonstrates the similarity between the first stage ( trust vs mistrust) and the last one(integrity vs despair).In other words, the human beings strive for integrity which could be reached only by passing successfully through all the phases which is a lifelong experience. Concluding from this, human development is a continuous process which is constructed by different phases. The stages role is to present more concrete and deeper understanding of this process. Another perspective is also socially orientated but it plays a considerable emphasis on the historically-cultural influences. Lev Vygotsky (1978) also explains human development as a sequence of phases. A greater interest is placed upon the formation of higher psychological processes. As a result, the importance of the language is greater than in any other theory. The ability of performing practical tasks by applying speech for their solution is considered as a higher psychological process which is unique for the humansShow MoreRelatedInfluence of Nature Versus Nurture on Child Development1202 Words   |  5 Pages Nature as well as nurture can affect the child development. There are many factors that determine the development of a child. Many theories that are proposed by psychologist are used to explain the process of child development. Berndt (1992) explained nature as the impact of the genetic inheritance or heredity of a person during development. Based on Kail’s (2010, p. 135) study, â€Å"research reveals consistent genetic influence in many psychological areas, including personality, mental abilityRead MoreEssay about Child Development, Nature vs Nurture801 Words   |  4 Pages. The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology. The debate centers on the relative contributions ofgenetic inheritance  and  environmental factors  to human development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they simply occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other well-known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known as  tabula rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slateRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture Affect Development Of A Child, Conception, And The Contemporary Theories1690 Words   |  7 PagesLife Span Development From the time of conception to the time of death, we are constantly developing and changing. Although some of the changes are as a result of personal adoptions and incidences, most changes experienced are as a result of our shared biological and mental heritage as humans and are shared by all individuals in the globe. A lot of studies have been dedicated to the study of human growth and development. In the book, Lifespan development, various concepts have been discussed in theRead MoreLifespan Development. Influences of Nature and Nurture on a 4 Year Old Child2298 Words   |  10 Pageswill be discussing the development of a four year old child. With the support of relevant theories including the work of Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson, I will discuss the environmental influences that promote the physical, cognitive and psychosocial development of a four year old child. I will also review the importance of play in the child’s development and propose an activity of play that wo uld enhance the child’s development. In the world of a four year old child there is a lot of changingRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pages When one thinks about child development, are personalities and traits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? Or, is there a relationship between nature and nurture with regards to child development? The debate continues. While some believe â€Å"nature and nurture work together, others believe they are separate and opposing influences† (McDevitt, 2010). Nature vs Nurture In regards to the nature vs. nurture debate, â€Å"this debate is a major issue in many social science disciplines and isRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture Development At Childhood Stages1603 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Development Student’s Name University Name â€Æ' Childhood Development Introduction Twins who have the same genetic makeup raised up in a different environment have portrayed variation in performance and other dynamics of intelligence quotients, physical development, and socioemotional development. Research on adoptions has also revealed interesting results concerning biological and nature in the development of the children. 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Development perspectives are the psychoanalytic theory, behavior theory, humanistic approach and cognitive theory. Each theory focuses on different aspects of human development. The psychoanalytic is â€Å"the approach stating that behavior is motivatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Proposed By John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussions in class, and chapter readings highlighted the importance of one of the characteristics of human nature, which is relationships and attachment. The course materials emphasized the critical role of relationship and attachment to the development of the children. The internship si te also provided an opportunity for me to visualize different attachments and relationships between parent and child in action. As the chapter readings from the textbook explore different perspectives of relationship andRead MoreIs Child Development Best Described as Gradual Change, or as a Series of Stages?1277 Words   |  6 PagesEssay cover sheet Essay Title: Is child development best described as gradual change, or as a series of stages? Student number: M00330526 Word count (Excluding title and references section): 1076 Declaration By submitting this work I acknowledge that I am its author, that all sources consulted in its preparation are referenced appropriately in accordance with the referencing guide, and that I have not copied from any source. The development of children occurs from birth to adolescence

Necessity of Diversity Management in CERA-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Necessity of Diversity Management in Cera. Answer: Introduction: Diversity management entails the practice of focusing and supporting multiple cultural and personal lifestyle and characterization within an organization. In any multinational company, there are employees from various cultural and social backgrounds, and it is the responsibility of the management to control and prevent any conflicts aroused in the organization. CERA is one of the global innovative human resource management companies that continuously seeking for growth and by attracting talents from all over the world, which refers to the need for diversity management in the organization. Diversity management is one of the major strategies followed in any multinational organization to support, accept and respect diverse racial, societal, economical, cultural, political and geographical backgrounds. In other way, the diversity management refers to the ability of the management of an organization for managing the personal and cultural differences in the same. The management of the comp any needs to acquire specific skills and knowledge to design the strategies for managing the diversity in the organization. A multinational company may have their branches throughout the world which means to have the employees around the world. The management of the company needs to follow certain strategies to handle employees from different cultural and societal background. In this report the chosen company is CERA, where the diversity management id indeed needed for building a fine and appropriate work environment. However, this has been a subject of debate in the business rationale, but there is severe need for applying diversity management strategies in multinational company like CERA. The following report discusses the necessity of diversity management for adding values to the organization. Determinates of Diversity: In the world of ever changing, dynamic and overly complex social and organizational structure, diversity is one of the major factors that need to be managed efficiently. The infusion of the modernity and the post colonialism into the organization having multicultural perspective has enabled the organization of effective management of the complex and diverse manpower resources in the workplace (Trompenaars Hampden-Turner, 2011). Perception of different researchers and management scholars of diversity is different and can be distinguished as broader and narrower scope of diversity. The broader aspect of the diversity deals with the age, race, ethnicity, gender and spiritual diversification of the people within an organization. Whereas, the narrower aspect of diversity deals with the issues regarding race, sex and class. As per the organizational perspective of diversity, this can be stated that managing the diversity problems within an organization is about recruitment, retention and establishment of proper workplace relationships among the employees belonging to the specific and distinctive cultural backgrounds by eliminating the anti-social and conflicting behavior within the organization. The rapid change of demographical situations in the society as well as the in the organizations has been marked as primary reason for diversity in the organizational workplace. This primary reason requires awareness in the management system for managing the same. The issue of diversity can be different on the basis of country. There are many countries that do not consider the issue of diversity management as the severe one, whereas in many other countries the issue of diversity management is given special and prior attention (Critically Analyze The Diversity Management At Multicultural Organizations Business Essay., 2017). Again, the beneficial aspect of the diversity in the organization refers to the need for rich cultured competent manpower which requires a great effort from the management. The management of the organization is responsible for ensuring the correct and fair treatment for each employees and managing the entire workforce for promoting better rewards in order to add co mpetitive value to the organization (Triana Garcia, 2009). Again, the lower cost advantages achieved through the lower expenditure on the training of the employees highlights one individual occasion while evaluating the value appreciation of diversity (Martins Parsons, 2007). Cultural Aspect: The cultural aspect is one of the major and prime focuses while evaluating the idea of diversity management of any organization. Globalization and the cultural conflicts are internally connected with each other (Ozbilgin Tatli, 2008). Hence, the rate of globalization indicates the cultural issues that can be aroused in an organization (Trompenaars Hampden-Turner, 2011). To understand the issue of diversity and that of its management, one must understand the notion of cultural clashes or the cross-cultural aspect in the multinational workplace. Furthermore, the diversification of culture can be distinguished in several types while discussing the same in the workplace such as managerial cultures, workers culture and the culture of the organization as a whole. The cross-cultural diversity is capable of constituting new dimensions, which can result into the cause of work values and organizational beliefs, communication, competition within the organization, conflicts in decision-making and the authoritative power (Shachaf, 2008). However, the diversity management contains promoting and appreciating different cultural beliefs and values, diminishing discriminations and prejudices and streamlining numerous positive dimensions of diversity in order to ensure healthy and professional relationship, better productivity and the greater workforce outcome (Mujtaba, 2007). The management of the organizations need to be competent and experienced enough to face these challenges and overcome the same. Gender Diversity: Gender diversity is one of the major and prior issues that need proper and delicate handling by the management of the organization, as this issue plays a very vital role in the diversity management. Gender diversity is considered as a potential and prominent cultural factor that causes workplace conflicts and employee turnovers. For example, if the female employees of the do not find much respect and equality in the workplace meeting regarding the business growth, then the eligible and competent female employees may leave the organization. The gender diversity being a prominent factor of cultural architecture is proved by the socialization of the women (Shen et al., 2009). It is found that the women are more capable of handling conflicts in workplace and dealing with ambiguity, which exhibit their flexibility for being better managers than men are. Such situations can cause several vexations to the male employees in the organization such as work depression, lower self-confidence, job insecurity, jealousy for female employees and negative thoughts about women. For example, any female employee, having a background of an ethnic group, is more efficient and eligible for promotion to a manager. The male employees may find it unsatisfactory and suffer from job insecurity which can further results employee turnover. As previously mentioned, the gender segregation gives birth to the cause of personality diversity. Personality of the employees constitutes the entire set of factors affecting the interaction among the employees within the organization (Kearney, Gebert Voelpel, 2009). The Big-Five personality model briefly helps the management to analyze the employee personality by pointing out the major characteristics of a person (Musek, 2007). Implementing the model in the organization for managing the diversity in workplace, can widely differ the reactions of the employees. The employees falling under the model are found more flexible and tolerant towards the workmates depicting their actions and emotions such as sympathy, openness, kindness, helpfulness than others. In other way, employees, who do not fall under this personality model, are capable of projecting negative influence inside the workplace of the organization. Importance of Diversity in Workplace: Despite being several determinates pertaining the diversity within an organization, there is a beneficial aspect of the diversity too. Having diverse workforce within an organization can help to ensure and enhance the business growth. The diverse culture of the workplace can produce multiple beneficial factors for the business. The first and one of the important outcomes of the diversity is the innovation (Talke, Salomo Rost, 2010). An organization having employees from different cultural and societal background can be the cause of innovative business ideas for the organization. The introduction of innovation not only helps the organization to improve their business growth, but also help building a creative culture within the organization. Another importance the diversity of workforce within an organization projects is to attract the external professional talents, stakeholders, and customers (Mujtaba, 2007). One of the popular and effective business magazines states that a business organization, which is authentically diverse both from outside and inside can be successful advancing its business growth. The complementation of the idea of diversity management mentions that any organization that manages the diversity issues within the workplace, is capable of attracting more competent professional from diverse backgrounds. This not only adds value to the competitive business advantages, but also builds a rich work culture within the organization (Kearney, Gebert Voelpel, 2009). There is different definition of cultural diversity (Shachaf, 2008). One group of scholars and researchers perceive the idea of cultural diversification as the belonging of the people to different backgrounds. Whereas, another group of scholars defines the cultural differences as different beliefs acknowledged by different people (Moran, Abramson Moran, 2014). The fact can be foregrounded that increasing globalization and different societies are enabling one to acquire more than one culture at a time. In other way, this can also be stated that the employees learn work culture from the seniors in the organization, whereas, they learn their individual cultural beliefs from their parental cultures (Martins Parsons, 2007). Therefore, this can be said that the diversity in the context of individual culture has various definitions and each is different from each other, which can help the organization to be rich with the culturally intelligent labor, which will further improve the work cu lture as well as the organizational culture. Organizational Values of Diversity Management: Apart from providing challenges in the workplace, the diversity management is also an effective process of adding value to the organization (fbe.unimelb.edu.au., 2017). It is a blessing to the companies having diverse work culture, since this enable them to be armed with numerous i9deas, views and perspectives, which can further strengthen their abilities to design strategies, communicate and render the same. The diversity management also provides opportunities to the employees for innovating creative ideas through interacting with each other. Diversification of the work culture determined by the employees belonging to the different market sectors and demographics help the organization to understand the customer base for their business. In short, the diversity management helps the organization to segment the market for their business, which undoubtedly adds values to the business as well as to the entire organization (Triana Garcia, 2009). Employees having diverse social and cultural backgrounds influence the medium of communication. The different cultures become the reason for different languages, which adds benefits to the organization in communicating with different linguistic stakeholders, vendors and customers. Moreover, the diversity management helps those organizations who practices Corporate Social responsibilities towards the ethnic community, for communicating with the people belonging to the same groups. Precisely, the diversity management of the organization helps developing the linguistic skills for the entire company. As discussed previously, the diversity within the workplace gives birth to the creative and innovative ideas for the improvement of the business. In other way, managing the diversity produces intrapreneur within the organization, which no doubt adds business values to the organization by innovating creative and smart ideas. These not only helps in creating an entrepreneurial atmosphere inside the organization, but also find out new, creative and future talents (Bridgstock et al., 2010). Being enriched with staffs coming from different cultural backgrounds benefits the organization by understanding the market needs. Culturally diverse employees are capable of understanding the different cultural market, which further helps the organization in delivering products according to the market needs. Gender diversity in this case also helps the organization to point out different gender needs and demands and accordingly the organization can improve their productivity. This is how the diversity management of a organization can add values to its business. Necessity of Implementing Diversity Management in CERA: CERA, being an international company, possess employees from different cultural and social background, which makes the company to have a multicultural workforce (Ozbilgin Tatli, 2008). The HR of the organization must implement the diversity management in order to avoid the workplace conflicts and ensure the value addition to the business. As discussed in the previous section of the report that the diversity management is an important and value adding factor for the organization. Similarly, foe CERA the diversity management is necessary to improve the business growth by understanding the different market segmentation as well as the customer needs. The HR of the company must understand and realize the necessity of implementing the diversity management in the organization. CERA has a global market and branches in most of the countries throughout the world. In addition, the organization possesses international market, which is categorized by different cultures. Therefore, the employees of the company are also enriched with diverse cultural traits, beliefs and practices. Having a vast range of cultural employees, the implementation of the diversity management is indeed needed for the company. the diversity management of the company will help the CERA to promote and appreciate different cultural intelligence and practices, which will encourage the employees to improve the productivity of the company. For example, if the company has any employees who belongs to any ethnic group, he can understand the customer demands and needs for particularly to that group. Hiring people from different cultural background can also help the company in advancing their business to the new area, which can be effective in terms of adding business values to the organization. Recruiting staffs from diverse background can also provide opportunities to identify new stakeholders from diverse ethnic groups. Again, being a global business company, the prevalence of the gender diversity needs to be managed. The gender diversity management can help the company to understand the gender based needs and design business strategies accordingly. This need to be mentioned in this regard, the management of the gender diversity needs to be done delicately, since this issue can create conflicts in the workplace. Moreover, the diversity management within the workplace of CERA will produce effective result by attracting more efficient and professional talents from the diverse cultural backgrounds (Shen et al., 2009). This will, no doubt help the organization adding values to the global business and achieve competitive advantages. Conclusion: Therefore, this can be concluded from the above discourse that the diversity management is one of the major factors that determine the value addition of the organization in terms of global business. The diversity management refers to the management of the diverse culture present in the company due to various cultural people from diverse backgrounds. There are several determinates that cause the diversity within an organization. However, the diversity in the workplace can be beneficial to the organization as it adds values to the organizations business. The importance of the diversity management cannot be ignored as it helps a multinational company to improve their business and spread the same. The diversity management includes the innovation, talent acquisition, market segmentation and so many improvements to the organization. For a global company like CERA, it is important to implement the diversity management, because this will not only help the organization to enrich their work cu lture but also will add business value to the company. Diversity management will create opportunities for the new entrepreneurs to produce innovative ideas for the company. This way both the company and the entrepreneurs will be privileged. In addition, the company will be capable of identifying local stakeholders in order to spread the business into the local community. Thus, it is suggested to the HR of the chosen organization, CERA, to implement the diversity management into the organization for overall profit and business growth References: Bridgstock, R., Lettice, F., zbilgin, M. F., Tatli, A. (2010). Diversity management for innovation in social enterprises in the UK.Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,22(6), 557-574. fbe.unimelb.edu.au. (2017). Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://fbe.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/747491/Adding_value_HRM_business_model_diversity.pdf Kearney, E., Gebert, D., Voelpel, S. C. (2009). When and how diversity benefits teams: The importance of team members' need for cognition.Academy of Management Journal,52(3), 581-598. Kearney, E., Gebert, D., Voelpel, S. C. (2009). When and how diversity benefits teams: The importance of team members' need for cognition.Academy of Management Journal,52(3), 581-598. Martins, L. L., Parsons, C. K. (2007). Effects of gender diversity management on perceptions of organizational attractiveness: the role of individual differences in attitudes and beliefs.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(3), 865. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Mujtaba, B. (2007).Workforce diversity management: Challenges, competencies and strategies(pp. 207-229). Llumina Press. Musek, J. (2007). A general factor of personality: Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model.Journal of Research in Personality,41(6), 1213-1233. Ozbilgin, M., Tatli, A. (2008).Global diversity management: An evidence based approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Shachaf, P. (2008). Cultural diversity and information and communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: An exploratory study.Information Management,45(2), 131-142. Shen, J., Chanda, A., D'netto, B., Monga, M. (2009). Managing diversity through human resource management: An international perspective and conceptual framework.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,20(2), 235-251. Talke, K., Salomo, S., Rost, K. (2010). How top management team diversity affects innovativeness and performance via the strategic choice to focus on innovation fields.Research Policy,39(7), 907-918. Triana, M. D. C., Garcia, M. F. (2009). Valuing diversity: a group?value approach to understanding the importance of organizational efforts to support diversity.Journal of Organizational Behavior,30(7), 941-962. Trompenaars, F., Hampden-Turner, C. (2011).Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

Max Weber and Karl Marx Conceptions of Class and Status Essay Example

Max Weber and Karl Marx Conceptions of Class and Status Essay Name: Course: Tutor: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Max Weber and Karl Marx Conceptions of Class and Status specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Max Weber and Karl Marx Conceptions of Class and Status specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Max Weber and Karl Marx Conceptions of Class and Status specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Max Weber and Karl Marx Conceptions of Class and Status Max’s ideas of the social structure are one dimensional while Webster’s are two dimensional. This difference is very significant as one seems to describe the society more than the other. According to Weber, the society has the social class and the social status or the social honor. On the other hand, Marx describes the social structure of the society as one comprising of the capitalists or the bourgeoisie, the workers or proletariat and the petite bourgeoisie (18). With definitions, Webster’s social structure defines today’s society better. When Marx describes the social structure as one categorized into three groups, he categorizes these groups in economic terms, that is, those willing to buy labor and those willing to sell it. On the other hand, Weber’s structure is both economic and non-economic (religion, prestige and honor). The modern society is more accommodative of Weber’s structure. In an instance, the religion is one that groups people in a society. The Muslims, whether poor or rich, tend to be more social with each other as compared to a rich Muslim man and another rich Christian. It is after categorizing themselves into religions, or other groups that the people further categorize themselves on economic basis. In other circumstances, a rich Muslim capitalist will tend to hire more workers (proletariats) as compared to other groups. Although this may also be considered as discrimination or favoritism, it can also be described as social grouping on social class basis. Another difference evident between the two is that Marx seems to advocate that people are only money oriented thus they base on money. On the other hand, Weber felt that people can either be driven by money or other non-monetary issues when forming social classes. In the modern society, there are those who are capitalists while others are workers. However, people cannot belong in these two extreme groups. There are workers and capitalists who are both honorable. For example, the chief executive officer (a worker) of a particular company and the owner of the same company are two people in two different classes yet of the same status. The above point can also be redefined and explained that one cannot belong to one extreme group as Marx puts it. One can be a worker but also belong to another status due to his/her religion, prestige or even race. It is therefore a challenge categorizing today’s society into three extreme categories. Weber’s social class and status structure may apply to all the societies while Marx’s structure may fail to. For example, in a country like India or China, Marx’s social structure is very evident (20). The capitalists and the worker’s are very evident. However, this changes when the Indians, for example, move in another country. The capitalist-worker structure is no longer applicable but rather the social status comes into being. Regardless of the social class, the Indians come together and support one another when in a foreign country. In the African countries, most Indians are capitalists regardless of what class they were when they were in the home country India. Weber’s social structure describes today’s society more than Marx’s concept. Unlike the earlier days when society was classified on economic terms, today’s society is observant on other key areas in order to make life easier depending on the society. Work Cited Edles, Desfor L. Scott Appelrouth. Sociological Theory in the Classical Era: Text and Readings. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2009. Print.